creatine for runners

Why More Runners Are Turning to Creatine in 2025

For decades, creatine monohydrate lived a comfortable, confined existence in the world of sports nutrition. It was the powder of choice for bodybuilders chasing bulk, college football players looking for an explosive edge, and gym-goers aiming to eke out one more rep. Runners, with their focus on lean physiques and endurance, largely steered clear, wary of the old myths: “It’ll make you bulky,” “It’s only for short bursts,” or “It’ll cause cramping and dehydration.”

In 2025, that narrative has been definitively left in the dust. A quiet revolution is underway on treadmills, trails, and tracks, as a growing legion of distance runners, from marathoners to ultrarunners, are making creatine a staple in their supplement regimen. This isn’t a fleeting trend; it’s a paradigm shift driven by a wave of new research and a more sophisticated understanding of human performance. So, why are runners, the last group you’d expect, now enthusiastically scooping this once-taboo supplement?

Debunking the Old Myths: The Runner’s Re-Education

The first step in this shift has been a concerted effort by sports scientists, dietitians, and coaches to correct the record.

  • Myth 1: Creatine Causes Bulk. The fear of sudden, heavy muscle gain is the biggest hurdle. The reality is that any initial weight gain (typically 1-3 pounds) is almost entirely due to increased water retention within the muscle cells. This “volumizing” effect doesn’t create bulky, slow-twitch muscle; it creates fuller, more hydrated, and resilient muscle cells. For a runner, this isn’t a detriment—it’s a performance enhancer.
  • Myth 2: It’s Only for Power and Strength. While its primary mechanism is rapidly regenerating ATP (adenosine triphosphate)—the body’s fundamental energy currency for short, intense efforts—the benefits extend far beyond a 10-second sprint. This rapid energy recycling is crucial for the repeated surges in a fartlek workout, powering up a steep hill, or that final kick to the finish line.
  • Myth 3: It Causes Cramping and Dehydration. Ironically, modern research suggests the opposite. By pulling water into muscle cells, creatine may actually improve cellular hydration status, potentially reducing the risk of cramps and strains. The historical link to dehydration stemmed from early, poorly controlled studies that didn’t emphasize the critical need to increase water intake when supplementing.
creatine for runners

With the myths dispelled, runners are now free to explore the compelling, science-backed benefits.

See also: how to choose right creatine

The 2025 Runner’s Case for Creatine: A Multi-Faceted Advantage

The modern runner views creatine not as a single-purpose tool, but as a multi-system support supplement. The benefits are now understood to be holistic, impacting training, recovery, and even long-term health.

1. The Surge and Finish-Line Kick
Every runner knows the feeling: you need to pass a competitor, respond to a pace change, or sprint for the line, but your legs feel like lead. This is where creatine shines. By supercharging the phosphagen energy system, creatine allows you to execute these high-intensity efforts more effectively and recover from them faster during interval sessions. In 2025, it’s not just about having a strong aerobic engine; it’s about having a high-performance “turbo” button that works on demand. A runner with better-stocked creatine phosphate stores can make that decisive move with greater power and repeat it with less fatigue.

2. The Revolutionized Recovery
This is arguably the most significant benefit for the high-mileage runner. Muscle damage and inflammation are par for the course, leading to days of soreness and compromised training. Creatine has been shown to act as a potent cell volumizer and antioxidant. By hydrating the muscle cells, it creates a more anabolic (muscle-building/repairing) environment and may help mitigate exercise-induced inflammation. The result? Less Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness (DOMS) and a faster return to peak performance after a hard workout or long run. In an era where training consistency is king, creatine is a powerful ally in maintaining it.

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3. Brain and Body: The Cognitive Edge for Long Hauls
The most cutting-edge application of creatine in 2025 extends beyond the muscles to the brain. The brain is a massive energy consumer, and it relies on ATP just like your quads and calves. During prolonged endurance exercise, particularly in the heat, cognitive function can decline. Focus wavers, reaction time slows, and perceived exertion skyrockets.

Creatine supplementation has been shown to increase phosphocreatine stores in the brain, acting as a neuroprotective buffer. This can lead to:

  • Improved Mental Clarity: Better focus and decision-making during long, grueling races.
  • Reduced Mental Fatigue: Pushing through the pain barrier becomes slightly more manageable.
  • Potential Heat Tolerance: Some research suggests better maintenance of cognitive function in hyperthermic conditions.

For an ultrarunner navigating technical trails at 3 a.m. or a marathoner trying to hold form in the final 10K, this cognitive boost is as valuable as any physical gain.

4. Strength and Injury Resilience
The “prehab” movement is in full swing. Runners now understand that a resilient body is a fast body. While running builds formidable cardiovascular endurance, it can neglect muscular strength, particularly in the glutes, hips, and core. Weakness in these areas is a primary culprit for overuse injuries.

Creatine is one of the most proven supplements for enhancing the outcomes of strength training. By allowing a runner to perform more reps or lift slightly heavier weights in the gym, it accelerates the development of this crucial injury-preventing strength. A stronger runner is not only a more powerful runner but also a more durable one.

See also: top most common creatine mistakes

Practical Application: How Runners are Using Creatine in 2025

The supplementation strategy has evolved too. The aggressive “loading phase” (20-25 grams per day for a week) has fallen out of favor for most runners, as it can cause gastrointestinal distress and rapid water-weight gain.

The 2025 protocol is simple and sustainable: 3-5 grams of creatine monohydrate per day.

It’s treated not as a pre-workout but as a daily health supplement, like a vitamin. It’s stirred into a morning smoothie, mixed with a post-run protein shake, or even added to their evening coffee. Consistency is the key, not timing. The preferred form remains creatine monohydrate due to its extensive research, proven efficacy, and cost-effectiveness.

creatine for runners

The Verdict: A Staple, Not a Steroid

The stigma surrounding creatine and endurance sports has been dismantled by an overwhelming body of evidence. In 2025, it is increasingly viewed not as a “performance-enhancing drug” but as a legitimate nutritional supplement that helps optimize a natural physiological process.

Runners are no longer just “cardio machines”; they are sophisticated athletes who understand that performance is a complex interplay of aerobic capacity, muscular power, cognitive function, and rapid recovery. Creatine, once confined to the weight room, has proven to be a powerful, safe, and versatile tool that touches all these domains.

As one sports nutritionist put it, “We’ve moved from asking ‘Should runners take creatine?’ to ‘Why on earth wouldn’t a serious runner take creatine?’” For the modern athlete chasing every possible legal and healthy edge, the answer is becoming increasingly clear. The creatine era for runners is not coming; it has officially arrived.

pre-workouts safety about

Are Pre-Workouts Safe? What Research Says?

Are Pre-Workouts Safe? What Research Says? All you need to know before making a supplement purchase in today’s market. What Are Pre-Workout Supplements

Pre-workouts are dietary supplements (often powders, sometimes pills or drinks) taken before exercise with the aim of improving performance, energy, focus, or endurance. Typical ingredients include:

  • Stimulants (especially caffeine)
  • Amino acids (like beta-alanine, arginine, citrulline)
  • Creatine
  • Nitric oxide boosters / vasodilators
  • B-vitamins
  • Sometimes herbal extracts, artificial sweeteners, sugar or sugar alcohols, etc.

The exact formula varies greatly. Many products use “proprietary blends,” which may hide the precise doses of each ingredient. Livestrong+3Mayo Clinic McPress+3Health+3


What Research Says: Benefits

There is solid evidence, especially for certain ingredients, that pre-workouts can provide real performance benefits, when used appropriately. Some of these known benefits:

  1. Improved Energy, Alertness, & Reduced Fatigue
    Caffeine reliably improves alertness, reduces perceived exertion, and can let you push harder in many workouts. Cleveland Clinic+2National Geographic+2
  2. Increased Strength, Power, or Endurance
    Ingredients like creatine, beta-alanine, and nitric oxide precursors (e.g. arginine, citrulline) have evidence supporting modest gains in strength, power output, and muscular endurance. National Geographic+2PubMed+2
  3. Better Blood Flow / “Pump” Effects
    Vasodilators and NO-boosting components can increase blood flow to muscles, which some users report helps with performance and feel during resistance training. Cleveland Clinic+2PubMed+2
  4. Potential Cardiovascular Biomarker Improvements
    Some studies show mixed results suggesting pre-workout usage in healthy, active individuals can also have neutral or even mildly positive effects on certain cardiovascular markers (e.g., blood pressure or LDL) — though this is less consistent. PubMed

What Research Says: Risks & Unknowns

While there are benefits, there are also many risks, limitations, and unknowns. Here are the major ones:

pre-workouts safety about
  1. Caffeine & Stimulant-Related Side Effects
    High doses of caffeine are part of many pre-workout products. Potential side effects include:
  2. Hidden or Undeclared Ingredients
    Research and FDA/NSF/NSF-like investigations have found pre-workout supplements that contain stimulants that are banned or not listed, such as DMAA, DMBA, “designer” stimulants, or analogues. These can carry serious cardiovascular risk. U.S. Food and Drug Administration+3PR Newswire+3NSF+3
  3. Dosage Uncertainty
    Because many pre-workout formulas are proprietary blends, you may not know how much of each component you’re getting. Sometimes key ingredients are under-dosed (so you pay for something that has little effect), and sometimes stimulants are over-dosed. Mayo Clinic McPress+1
  4. Short- vs Long-Term Safety
    Most studies are short to intermediate term (4-12 weeks). There is much less high-quality data on long-term use (years) of multi-ingredient pre-workouts in varied populations. The long-term health implications — especially in people with underlying cardiovascular, renal, or metabolic conditions — are less well understood. Health+2PubMed+2
  5. Risk for Specific Populations
    People with high blood pressure, heart disease, thyroid disorders, caffeine sensitivity, young people, or those using certain medications may have increased risks. Also, “dry scooping” (taking the powder without mixing with water) can exacerbate risks. Mayo Clinic McPress+2Cleveland Clinic+2

FDA / Regulation Context

  • In the U.S., dietary supplements (which pre-workouts generally are) are not regulated as strictly as pharmaceuticals. The manufacturers are responsible for ensuring safety, but the FDA does not pre-approve dietary supplements for efficacy or safety before they hit the market. Mayo Clinic McPress+1
  • The FDA has issued warning letters and notices for pre-workout supplements found to contain illegal or undeclared stimulants. PR Newswire+1

How to Use Pre-Workouts More Safely & Smartly

If you decide to use a pre-workout, here are best practices based on research:

PracticeWhy It Matters
Check for third-party testing (NSF, Informed-Sport, BSCG, USP seals)Helps ensure what’s on the label is what’s in the product, and that banned or harmful substances are less likely present. Mayo Clinic McPress+2National Geographic+2
Start with low doses — especially if you are new to stimulants.To assess tolerance and avoid side effects.
Do not exceed label instructions (servings or scoops).Many problems come from overuse. Mayo Clinic McPress+1
Avoid taking late in the dayTo protect sleep and recovery. Caffeine can stay active several hours.
Stay hydrated and consider electrolyte status.Some ingredients increase sweating, blood flow, or metabolic rate, which may increase fluid or electrolyte losses.
Cycle off periodicallyTo reduce tolerance, avoid overuse of stimulants, and allow the body to reset.
Avoid “dry scooping” (taking powder without sufficient water)Risks choking, very rapid absorption of stimulants, adverse cardiac effects. Cleveland Clinic+1
Consult with healthcare provider if you have existing medical conditions.Especially cardiovascular disease, hypertension, kidney disease, thyroid issues, etc.

Who Benefits Most — And Who Might Not Need Them

Pre-workouts are most useful for:

  • Experienced lifters, athletes, or people doing intense training who are trying to squeeze out extra performance (e.g. strength, speed, volume).
  • Those who feel they are limited by energy, fatigue, or focus.

For many recreational lifters or casual gym-goers, the benefits may be small and might not justify the cost, risks, or side effects. Sometimes simpler options (coffee, good pre-workout nutrition, sleep, hydration) deliver similar or sufficient benefits. National Geographic+1

Check also: most reliable supplements for cross fit athletes


Bottom Line: Are Pre-Workouts Safe?

  • Yes — they can be safe, for healthy adults, when used correctly, with high-quality, transparent products you can buy on supplements store nationwide.
  • No — not entirely risk-free. There are documented cases of harm, especially with products containing hidden stimulants, taken in excessive doses, or used by people with underlying health issues.
  • Safety depends heavily on product quality, dosing, and individual health context.

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🧠 Expert FAQ: What You Should Know About Pre-Workouts

1. Is pre-workout bad for your heart?

For most healthy adults, moderate use of pre-workout supplements is not inherently bad for the heart — especially if the product is properly dosed and stimulant levels are reasonable.
However, certain ingredients (particularly high caffeine, synephrine, yohimbine, or DMAA-like compounds) can raise heart rate and blood pressure, which may be risky for those with cardiovascular issues, hypertension, or arrhythmias.

What research says:

  • A 2021 review in Nutrients found that moderate caffeine intake (≤400 mg per day) is generally safe for healthy individuals.
  • Excessive stimulant use, or combining multiple sources of caffeine (coffee + energy drink + pre-workout), may increase heart strain and anxiety symptoms.
  • To minimize risk, choose third-party tested pre-workouts with transparent caffeine labeling and avoid “proprietary blends” that hide stimulant content.

Tip: If you experience palpitations, dizziness, or chest discomfort after a pre-workout, discontinue use and consult a doctor immediately.


2. What to look for in a safe pre-workout

A safe pre-workout prioritizes ingredient transparency, balanced dosages, and certified quality. When shopping, look for:

  • Third-party certifications: NSF Certified for Sport, Informed-Sport, or USP verification.
  • Transparent labels: Every ingredient listed with exact milligrams (no “proprietary blends”).
  • Moderate caffeine: Around 150–250 mg per serving is sufficient for most people.
  • Clinically studied ingredients: Citrulline malate, beta-alanine, creatine monohydrate, and B-vitamins.
  • No banned or risky stimulants: Avoid DMHA, DMAA, synephrine, or yohimbine if not physician-approved.
  • Good taste & mixability: Encourages consistency — but avoid heavy artificial colors or sucralose if sensitive.

Popular safe picks: Transparent Labs BULK, Legion Pulse, or Kaged Pre-Kaged (all third-party tested and clinically dosed).

Check also: how steroids can influence sexual performance in Men


3. Research-backed pre-workout benefits

Scientific evidence supports several performance-enhancing and recovery-boosting effects of pre-workouts:

IngredientResearch-Supported BenefitEvidence Level
CaffeineIncreases alertness, focus, enduranceStrong
Beta-AlanineBuffers lactic acid, delays muscle fatigueStrong
Creatine MonohydrateImproves power, strength, muscle growthStrong
Citrulline MalateEnhances blood flow, reduces fatigueModerate to Strong
Tyrosine / B-VitaminsImproves mental focus and energy metabolismModerate

👉 Studies from the Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition (JISSN) and Nutrients consistently show that multi-ingredient pre-workout formulas can improve anaerobic power, endurance capacity, and perceived energy — particularly when combined with proper diet, hydration, and sleep.


4. How much caffeine is too much in pre-workouts?

According to the FDA, up to 400 mg of caffeine per day (roughly 3–4 cups of coffee) is considered safe for most healthy adults.
But keep in mind — many pre-workout supplements contain 200–350 mg per scoop, and some people take 2 scoops, easily exceeding safe levels.

Caffeine guidelines for pre-workout users:

  • 🟢 Low-to-moderate dose: 150–250 mg — ideal for most users
  • 🟡 High dose: 300–400 mg — may enhance performance but increases risk of jitters, anxiety, heart palpitations, and sleep disruption
  • 🔴 Excessive dose: Over 400 mg in a single serving — not recommended

Pro tip: Track your total daily caffeine (including coffee, tea, sodas, energy drinks). Exceeding your tolerance can impair recovery, sleep quality, and hydration.

pre-workouts safety about

💬 Final Takeaway

Pre-workout supplements can be powerful tools when chosen wisely — but safety depends on dose, ingredient quality, and personal health. Look for clean, third-party-tested products, start small, and remember: more is not always better.

More about supplements review and bodybuilding products

Learn also about protein muscle builders – the theory and facts

ashwaganda

Pharmacognostic Analysis of the 20 Most Common Adaptogens Reshaping Modern Wellness

20 most common adaptogens in the world. In the relentless theatre of modern high-performance culture, where the demands of cognitive acuity, emotional resilience, and sustained physical vitality perpetually escalate, a silent revolution is underway. It is not being waged solely in Silicon Valley biohacking labs or on the manicured floors of Wall Street, but has its roots deep in the ancient pharmacopeias of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), Ayurveda, and other indigenous healing systems. This revolution is fueled by adaptogens—a class of non-toxic botanicals that singularly enhance the body’s systemic capacity to resist and adapt to stressors of all kinds, physiological and psychological.

The term, coined in 1947 by Soviet scientist Dr. Nikolai Lazarev and refined by his protégé, Dr. Israel I. Brekhman, has surged from obscurity into the lexicon of wellness connoisseurs and health professionals alike. The global adaptogen market, once a niche segment, is now projected to reach multi-billion dollar valuations, a testament to its burgeoning mainstream appeal. But beyond the marketing hyperbole and Instagram trends lies a sophisticated biochemical reality: these substances function as master regulators of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, the body’s central stress response system.

This article provides a comprehensive exegesis of the twenty most common adaptogens, delineating their precise mechanisms of action, empirical benefits, and their potential to serve as a cornerstone for a more resilient and optimized human architecture.

ginseng adaptogen

The Mechanistic Paradigm: How Adaptogens Confer Resilience

To appreciate the efficacy of adaptogens, one must first understand the physiology of stress. The HPA axis is our primary neuroendocrine response system. Upon perceiving a stressor, the hypothalamus secretes corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), which signals the pituitary gland to release adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). This, in turn, stimulates the adrenal glands to flood the system with cortisol, the primary “stress hormone.” While vital for the “fight or flight” response, chronic cortisol elevation is catastrophically dysregulating, leading to systemic inflammation, cognitive impairment, metabolic dysfunction, and immune suppression.

Adaptogens operate not by blocking this pathway, but by modulating it—a critical distinction. They are bidirectional or normalizing agents. Their sophisticated phytochemistry, rich in unique triterpenes, glycosteroids, and polyphenols, essentially “teaches” the HPA axis to respond to stressors more efficiently. If cortisol is too high, they help lower it; if the response is inadequate, they can potentiate it. This leads to a state of homeostasis or allostasis—achieving stability through change. Their primary mechanisms include:

  • HPA Axis Modulation: Regulating the production and release of CRH, ACTH, and cortisol.
  • Cellular Defense (Heat Shock Protein 70 Upregulation): Enhancing the production of proteins that protect cells from damage under duress.
  • Neuroendocrine-Immune System Interplay: Modulating the cross-talk between the nervous, endocrine, and immune systems, often via the master antioxidant pathway, Nrf2.

With this foundational understanding, we can now proceed to a detailed analysis of the twenty foremost adaptogens.


The Pantheon of Adaptogens: A Detailed Compendium

1. Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera)
The “King of Ayurvedic Adaptogens,” Ashwagandha (translation: “smell of a horse,” alluding to its vigor-imparting properties) is perhaps the most extensively researched adaptogen. Its primary bioactive compounds, withanolides, have been shown to significantly reduce serum cortisol levels in chronically stressed individuals.

  • Precise Action & Benefits: It functions as a potent GABA-mimetic, promoting anxiolytic (anti-anxiety) effects. Clinically, it demonstrates remarkable efficacy in improving resilience to stress, enhancing sleep quality, reducing anxiety, and improving thyroid function. It is particularly noted for its ability to bolster energy without stimulation, making it a premier choice for combating adrenal fatigue and burnout.

2. Rhodiola Rosea
Hailing from the arctic climates of Siberia and Scandinavia, Rhodiola is celebrated as a “stimulating” adaptogen. Its key active constituents, salidroside and rosavin, are critical to its function.

  • Precise Action & Benefits: Rhodiola primarily enhances cognitive function and physical endurance by optimizing the energy metabolism of neurons and muscle cells. It inhibits cortisol release during acute stress and increases levels of beta-endorphins and neuropeptides like NPY, which protect the brain from stress-related exhaustion. It is the quintessential adaptogen for overcoming fatigue and enhancing mental performance under pressure.

3. Panax Ginseng
Distinguished from other ginseng varieties, true Panax Ginseng (often called Korean or Asian Ginseng) is a cornerstone of TCM. Its active components, ginsenosides, are responsible for its wide-ranging effects.

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  • Precise Action & Benefits: Ginseng is a comprehensive tonic that enhances physical stamina, cognitive function, and immune competence. It works by modulating nitric oxide production, improving endothelial function and blood flow. It is particularly revered for its ability to increase vitality and combat general weakness and lethargy, especially in the elderly or convalescent.

4. Holy Basil (Ocimum sanctum)
Known as “Tulsi” in India, Holy Basil is revered as a sacred “Elixir of Life.” Unlike culinary basil, it is a potent adaptogen rich in eugenol, rosmarinic acid, and other bioactive compounds.

  • Precise Action & Benefits: Tulsi excels as an anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory agent. It protects against toxic chemical stress and heavy metals by upregulating the body’s endogenous antioxidant systems (e.g., superoxide dismutase). It is exceptionally effective at promoting a calm, focused mind and supporting metabolic health, including healthy blood glucose levels.

5. Cordyceps (Cordyceps sinensis/militaris)
A unique fungal adaptogen that parasitizes insect larvae, Cordyceps has transitioned from a rare Himalayan find to a widely cultivated superfood. Its power lies in cordycepin and adenosine.

  • Precise Action & Benefits: Cordyceps is a master of aerobic capacity and energy production. It enhances adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production within the mitochondria, improving oxygen utilization. This makes it a premier ergogenic aid for athletes, increasing endurance and reducing fatigue. It also supports renal and respiratory function.

6. Eleuthero (Eleutherococcus senticosus)
Formerly mislabeled as “Siberian Ginseng,” Eleuthero is a distinct entity and was a key tool for Soviet scientists to enhance the performance of athletes and cosmonauts. Its eleutherosides are the key active molecules.

  • Precise Action & Benefits: Eleuthero is a classic endurance adaptogen. It enhances work capacity by improving the efficiency of metabolic pathways and mitigating feelings of fatigue. It is less stimulating than Rhodiola but provides a sustained, foundational energy boost and enhances immune surveillance, particularly against common viruses.

7. Reishi (Ganoderma lucidum)
The “Mushroom of Immortality” in TCM, Reishi is less of a direct stimulant and more of a deep immunomodulator and calming tonic. Its triterpenes (ganoderic acids) and beta-glucans are paramount.

  • Precise Action & Benefits: Reishi is profoundly calming to the nervous system, acting as a gentle sedative to improve sleep architecture. Its potent beta-glucans “train” the innate immune system, enhancing its response to pathogens while calming autoimmune overreactions. It is also a powerful supporter of hepatic detoxification pathways.

8. Licorice Root (Glycyrrhiza glabra)
A potent adrenal agent, Licorice Root must be used with precision due to its strong physiological effects. Glycyrrhizin is its primary, but not sole, active component.

  • Precise Action & Benefits: Licorice root inhibits the enzyme 11-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, which breaks down cortisol. This prolongs the life of the body’s natural cortisol, providing support for depleted adrenals in cases of profound fatigue and burnout. Caution: Prolonged use can lead to hypertension and hypokalemia; deglycyrrhizinated licorice (DGL) is used for digestive support without these effects.

9. Schisandra (Schisandra chinensis)
A quintessential TCM berry known as the “five-flavor fruit,” Schisandra is a true harmonizer. Its lignans, such as schisandrin, are adaptogenic.

  • Precise Action & Benefits: Schisandra is a broad-spectrum hepatoprotective agent, shielding the liver from toxic insults. It enhances mental clarity and physical endurance while providing a gentle focusing effect. It is renowned for its ability to increase the body’s resistance to a vast array of stressors, both internal and external.

10. Maca (Lepidium meyenii)
A cruciferous root native to the Peruvian Andes, Maca is often classified as an adaptogen due to its hormone-balancing and energy-enhancing effects, though its mechanism is distinct.

  • Precise Action & Benefits: Maca is not a hormone itself but contains unique compounds called macaenes and macamides that support endocrine function. It is shown to improve libido, reduce symptoms of menopause, and enhance mood and energy, likely by supporting the health of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis rather than by supplying exogenous hormones.

11. Astragalus (Astragalus membranaceus)
A foundational herb in TCM, Astragalus is a deep immune modulator and Qi (vital energy) tonic. Its key constituents are astragalosides and polysaccharides.

  • Precise Action & Benefits: Astragalus potently stimulates the immune system by increasing the production and activity of white blood cells and interferon. It is a premier adaptogen for preventing illness and supporting recovery. It also demonstrates cardioprotective properties by supporting healthy inflammation response and endothelial function.

12. Shatavari (Asparagus racemosus)
The primary female tonic in Ayurveda, Shatavari translates to “she who possesses a hundred husbands,” hinting at its reputed vitality-promoting properties.

  • Precise Action & Benefits: Rich in saponins, Shatavari has a phytoestrogenic effect, helping to balance estrogen levels throughout the menstrual cycle and menopause. It soothes the digestive tract, supports the immune system, and has a calming, moistening nature that counteracts the drying, aggravating effects of chronic stress.

13. He Shou Wu (Polygonum multiflorum)
A revered Taoist tonic, He Shou Wu is legendary for its purported abilities to restore vitality, reverse gray hair, and promote longevity.

  • Precise Action & Benefits: Modern research indicates it is a powerful antioxidant and supports healthy liver and kidney function. It is used to combat general debility, lower cholesterol, and build “Jing” or essence in TCM, which is considered the deep, foundational energy reserve of the body.

14. Tulsi (See Holy Basil)
[Already covered above under ‘Holy Basil’]

15. Jiaogulan (Gynostemma pentaphyllum)
Dubbed “Southern Ginseng” for its growth patterns and effects, Jiaogulan is rich in gypenosides, which are structurally similar to ginsenosides.

  • Precise Action & Benefits: Jiaogulan is a powerful antioxidant that activates the AMPK enzyme, a regulator of cellular energy homeostasis often called the “metabolic master switch.” This confers benefits for metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular health, and longevity. It is also a calming adaptogen that reduces the physiological response to stress.
maca adaptogen

16. Chaga (Inonotus obliquus)
A black, charcoal-like conk growing on birch trees, Chaga is one of the highest known natural sources of antioxidants, particularly melanin and superoxide dismutase (SOD).

  • Precise Action & Benefits: Chaga is less of a direct HPA axis modulator and more of a powerful immunomodulator and antioxidant. Its immense ORAC (Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity) value means it excels at neutralizing oxidative stress, the cellular damage that underlies chronic disease and aging. It supports healthy inflammation response and gastrointestinal health.

17. Lion’s Mane (Hericium erinaceus)
While often categorized as a nootropic, Lion’s Mane possesses significant adaptogenic properties through its profound support of the nervous system.

  • Precise Action & Benefits: Its unique hericenones and erinacines stimulate the production of Nerve Growth Factor (NGF), a protein critical for the maintenance, survival, and regeneration of neurons. This makes it unparalleled for supporting cognitive function, memory, and nerve repair, while also calming anxiety and supporting a healthy gut-brain axis.

18. Suma (Pfaffia paniculata)
Often called “Brazilian Ginseng,” Suma is a comprehensive tonic. Its most notable constituent is beta-ecdysone, a phytosterol.

  • Precise Action & Benefits: Suma is traditionally used to combat fatigue, enhance immune function, and as a general revitalizer. It may support hormonal balance and has been studied for potential anti-tumor properties, though it is primarily valued as a broad-spectrum energy and vitality enhancer.

19. c (Moringa oleifera)
While a nutritional powerhouse first, Moringa’s high concentration of vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants allows it to function as an adaptogen by reducing the nutritional deficiencies that exacerbate stress.

  • Precise Action & Benefits: It provides a clean, sustainable energy boost by flooding the body with essential cofactors for mitochondrial energy production. Its anti-inflammatory and blood-sugar stabilizing properties further contribute to its ability to help the body manage physiological stress.

20. Turkey Tail (Trametes versicolor)
A ubiquitous polypore mushroom, Turkey Tail is one of the most extensively studied medicinal mushrooms for immune support.

  • Precise Action & Benefits: Its efficacy is driven by two key polysaccharide complexes: Polysaccharide-K (PSK) and Polysaccharide-Peptide (PSP). These compounds are validated adjuncts in oncology care, enhancing immune function and survival rates. They work by priming and modulating the innate and adaptive immune response.

Integration and Prudent Application

The sophisticated action of adaptogens is not a substitute for a poor lifestyle but a powerful adjunct to a foundation of adequate sleep, proper nutrition, and regular exercise. Their selection should be strategic, not casual.

  • For Burnout & Adrenal Fatigue: Ashwagandha, Licorice, Rhodiola
  • For Cognitive Performance & Focus: Rhodiola, Lion’s Mane, Panax Ginseng
  • For Athletic Performance & Endurance: Cordyceps, Rhodiola, Eleuthero
  • For Immune Modulation: Reishi, Astragalus, Turkey Tail, Chaga
  • For Hormonal Balance (Women): Shatavari, Maca
  • For Calm & Sleep: Ashwagandha, Reishi, Holy Basil

Crucially, consultation with a healthcare provider knowledgeable in phytotherapy is paramount, especially for those on medication, with pre-existing conditions, or who are pregnant or nursing. Quality is also non-negotiable; seek out extracts from reputable suppliers that utilize third-party testing for purity and potency.

The Future of Resilience

Adaptogens represent a paradigm shift from reactive medicine to proactive enhancement of human resilience. They are not mere supplements but sophisticated biochemical tools that interface with our most fundamental stress-response pathways. As the pace of modern life continues to accelerate, the ancient wisdom encoded within these botanicals offers a promising path toward not merely surviving, but thriving. They provide a means to engineer a more robust human system, capable of maintaining equilibrium amidst the chaos, thereby unlocking sustained performance, health, and vitality—the ultimate competitive advantage.

Nitric Oxide Boosters

What are Nitric Oxide Boosters and examples

In the relentless pursuit of optimal health, peak performance, and longevity, the scientific community continues to uncover the profound significance of molecules our body produces naturally. Among these, one simple gas—a mere two atoms—stands out for its vast and critical role in virtually every system within us: Nitric Oxide (NO).

Often hailed as the “miracle molecule,” nitric oxide is a fundamental signaling molecule that governs blood flow, oxygen delivery, energy levels, and neural communication. Its discovery and the subsequent understanding of its functions were so revolutionary that it earned the 1998 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for the three American researchers who identified its role in the cardiovascular system.

But our body’s natural production of NO can decline due to age, poor diet, lack of exercise, and high stress. This is where nitric oxide boosters come into play. This article will serve as your definitive guide, delving deep into what nitric oxide is, why it’s indispensable for your health, and the most effective, science-backed ways to boost its levels naturally.


Part 1: Understanding the Miracle Molecule – What is Nitric Oxide?

Before we explore the “boosters,” it’s crucial to understand what we’re trying to boost.

Nitric oxide is a gaseous signaling molecule, meaning it acts as a messenger within the body. It is produced by the endothelial cells that line your blood vessels (the endothelium). Think of the endothelium not as a simple lining, but as a sophisticated command center that regulates vascular tone, blood clotting, and immune function.

The primary function of nitric oxide is vasodilation—the relaxation and widening of blood vessels. When NO is released, it signals the smooth muscles in the vessel walls to relax. This expands the vessels, reducing blood pressure and dramatically increasing blood flow and oxygen delivery to every tissue and organ in the body.

This simple mechanism has cascading benefits:

  • Cardiovascular Health: Improved blood flow reduces pressure on the heart, lowers hypertension, and prevents plaque buildup by reducing arterial stiffness.
  • Exercise Performance: Enhanced blood flow delivers more oxygen and nutrients to working muscles, improving endurance, strength, and recovery. It also helps clear metabolic waste like lactate more efficiently.
  • Cognitive Function: The brain is an incredibly vascular organ. Better cerebral blood flow enhances neuroplasticity, memory, focus, and overall cognitive sharpness.
  • Immune Response: NO is a potent antimicrobial agent. Immune cells use it to attack and kill invading bacteria, viruses, and parasites.
  • Mitochondrial Biogenesis: NO plays a role in creating new mitochondria (the powerhouses of your cells), directly enhancing your energy production capabilities.
  • Sleep Quality and Libido: The mechanisms behind erectile function and certain aspects of sleep regulation are heavily dependent on healthy blood flow, which is governed by NO.
Nitric Oxide Boosters

The problem is that NO production is fragile. It peaks in our late teens and early twenties and then begins a steady decline. By age 40, most people produce only about 50% of the NO they did as a teenager. This decline is a primary contributor to age-related cardiovascular issues, lagging energy, and slower recovery.


Part 2: The Two Pathways to Nitric Oxide Production

To understand how boosters work, you must know the two primary biochemical pathways the body uses to create NO:

1. The L-arginine Pathway (NOS-dependent)
This is the classic pathway. The enzyme nitric oxide synthase (NOS) converts the amino acid L-arginine into NO and a byproduct called L-citrulline. This pathway is efficient but can be impaired. High levels of oxidative stress and inflammation create molecules called free radicals that break down NO faster than it can be produced, effectively shutting down this pathway.

2. The Nitrate-Nitrite-NO Pathway (NOS-independent)
This is a fascinating backup pathway that is not reliant on the NOS enzyme. It involves a process called the enterosalivary cycle:

  • You consume dietary nitrates (found in leafy greens and beets).
  • Gut bacteria convert these nitrates into nitrites.
  • When you swallow, these nitrites mix with saliva.
  • In the acidic, oxygen-poor environment of the stomach, these nitrites are converted into Nitric Oxide.

This pathway is crucial because it remains functional even when the L-arginine pathway is compromised by age or poor health. It is the primary target for many of the most effective natural boosters.


Part 3: A Deep Dive into Effective Nitric Oxide Boosters: Examples and Evidence

Nitric oxide boosters are compounds—either nutrients found in food or dietary supplements—that enhance the body’s ability to produce or utilize NO. They work by providing the raw materials (precursors) or by creating an environment that supports its production and prevents its breakdown.

Here are the most potent and well-researched examples:



1. Dietary Nitrates: The Power of Plants

This is arguably the most effective and direct way to boost NO via the nitrate-nitrite-NO pathway.

  • Beetroot: The undisputed champion of NO boosters. Beetroot is exceptionally high in inorganic nitrates. Numerous studies have shown that beetroot juice supplementation can significantly lower blood pressure, increase time to exhaustion during exercise by up to 16%, and reduce the oxygen cost of exercise, making movement feel easier.
  • Leafy Green Vegetables: Arugula (rocket), spinach, kale, Swiss chard, and celery are all nitrate-rich powerhouses. In fact, per gram, arugula often contains even more nitrate than beetroot.
  • Rhubarb and Celeriac: Other excellent, though less common, sources of dietary nitrates.

How to Use: Consuming 1-2 cups of these vegetables or a 2-4 oz shot of high-quality beetroot juice about 60-90 minutes before exercise can yield significant performance benefits. For general health, incorporating them daily is ideal.

2. L-Citrulline: The Superior Supplement

While L-arginine is a direct precursor, supplementing with it is often inefficient due to poor absorption and a “first-pass metabolism” effect where the liver breaks it down before it can reach circulation.

L-citrulline is a smarter choice. It is an amino acid that the kidneys convert into L-arginine, effectively raising your body’s L-arginine levels for a longer, more sustained period. This leads to a more robust and reliable increase in NO production. Studies show L-citrulline is excellent for reducing muscle soreness, improving athletic performance in both endurance and strength training, and supporting vascular health.

Dosage: A typical effective dose is 6-8 grams taken about an hour before exercise or daily for general health.

3. L-Arginine: The Classic Precursor

Despite its limitations, L-arginine is still a viable NO precursor. It can be effective, especially for those with specific cardiovascular concerns or endothelial dysfunction. However, for healthy individuals seeking performance benefits, L-citrulline is generally considered more effective. High doses of L-arginine (over 10 grams) can sometimes cause gastrointestinal distress.

4. Antioxidants: The Protectors

Remember, oxidative stress destroys NO. Therefore, one of the most powerful ways to “boost” NO is simply to protect what your body already makes. Antioxidants neutralize the free radicals that break down NO, effectively increasing its bioavailability and lifespan.

  • Vitamin C: A potent antioxidant that helps protect the endothelium and recycle other antioxidants like Vitamin E. It also supports the NOS enzyme.
  • Vitamin E: Protects cell membranes from oxidative damage.
  • Polyphenols & Flavonoids: Found in deeply colored fruits, vegetables, and certain beverages. Key examples include:
    • Pomegranate: Shown to enhance the activity of the NOS enzyme and protect NO from degradation.
    • Cocoa/Dark Chocolate (70%+): Rich in flavanols that improve endothelial function and stimulate NO production.
    • Green Tea: Contains epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), a powerful antioxidant that supports vascular health.
    • Berries, Grapes, and Red Wine (in moderation): Contain resveratrol and other compounds that support NO synthesis.

5. Other Key Nutrients and Compounds

  • Pycnogenol (French Maritime Pine Bark Extract): This well-researched extract has been shown to significantly increase endothelial production of NO and improve blood flow. It often works synergistically with L-arginine or L-citrulline.
  • Garlic: Contains allicin, a compound that can stimulate NO production by activating nitric oxide synthase (NOS).
  • Omega-3 Fatty Acids (Fish Oil): Found in fatty fish and supplements, Omega-3s reduce inflammation and oxidative stress, creating a better environment for NO production. They also improve the flexibility of red blood cells, allowing them to flow more easily through dilated vessels.

Part 4: Lifestyle as the Ultimate Nitric Oxide Booster

Supplements and superfoods are powerful tools, but they are most effective when layered upon a lifestyle that inherently supports NO production.

Nitric Oxide Boosters
  • Exercise (Especially Aerobic): This is the most potent natural stimulus for NO production. The shear stress of blood flowing through your arteries during cardio exercise signals the endothelium to release more NO. This is why exercise is often called “medicine” for the cardiovascular system—it directly trains your endothelial cells to function better.
  • Sunlight Exposure: Exposure to sunlight, particularly UVA rays, on the skin can cause stored nitrites in the skin to be converted into NO and released into the bloodstream. This is a separate pathway entirely from diet and is a compelling reason for safe, regular sun exposure.
  • Nasal Breathing: Breathing through your nose, as opposed to your mouth, increases nasal nitric oxide production by up to 600%. Nasal NO is a potent vasodilator for the airways and lungs, improves oxygen uptake, and has antimicrobial properties. Practices like yoga and meditation that emphasize nasal breathing can support this.
  • Reducing Mouthwash: This is a surprising but critical point. Antibacterial mouthwashes kill the beneficial oral bacteria essential for the first step of the nitrate-nitrite-NO pathway. Overuse of mouthwash can obliterate your body’s ability to convert dietary nitrates into NO, potentially leading to increases in blood pressure. Use it sparingly.
  • Sleep and Stress Management: Chronic stress and poor sleep elevate cortisol and inflammation, which in turn increase oxidative stress and destroy NO. Prioritizing quality sleep and managing stress through mindfulness are foundational to maintaining healthy NO levels.

Part 5: Safety, Considerations, and the Big Picture

For most people, boosting nitric oxide through a diet rich in vegetables and a healthy lifestyle is incredibly safe and beneficial. However, there are a few considerations:

  • Blood Pressure Medication: Individuals on medication for hypertension (e.g., nitrates, ACE inhibitors) must consult a doctor before taking NO-boosting supplements. The combined effect could potentially lower blood pressure too much.
  • Kidney Health: Those with kidney disease should be cautious with amino acid supplements like L-arginine and L-citrulline, as impaired kidneys may not process them correctly.
  • “Beeturia”: Don’t be alarmed if your urine or stool turns pinkish after consuming beets; this is a harmless condition called beeturia, caused by the betalain pigments.

It’s also important to manage expectations. While the effects on blood pressure and exercise performance can be relatively rapid (within hours for dietary nitrates), rebuilding a compromised endothelial function is a long-term project requiring consistent habits.

Harnessing the Flow of Life

Nitric oxide is far more than a buzzword in the supplement industry. It is a fundamental pillar of human physiology, a keystone molecule that supports the health of your heart, brain, muscles, and immune system. The decline in its production is a key hallmark of aging, but it is not an irreversible fate.

By understanding the two pathways of NO production, you can strategically employ a combination of powerful tools:

  • Fueling the nitrate-nitrite pathway with beetroot and leafy greens.
  • Sustaining the L-arginine pathway with smart supplements like L-citrulline.
  • Protecting your existing NO with a rainbow of antioxidants.
  • Activating its production through the powerful stimuli of exercise, sunlight, and nasal breathing.

Ultimately, optimizing your nitric oxide levels is about embracing a holistic philosophy of health. It connects the food on your plate, the rhythm of your breath, the movement of your body, and the rest you give your mind. By consciously supporting this miraculous molecule, you are not just boosting a number—you are enhancing the very flow of life within you, paving the way for a more vibrant, energetic, and longer life.

nad+

The Comprehensive Guide to NAD+: The Molecule of Youth, Energy, and Cellular Repair

In the burgeoning world of health optimization and longevity, one molecule has risen to prominence as a cornerstone of cellular vitality: NAD+. Touted by scientists and biohackers alike, understanding NAD+ is key to understanding how our bodies age and function at the most fundamental level. This guide will provide a deep dive into what NAD+ is, its profound benefits, the various ways to use it, and a trustworthy guide to purchasing it in the USA.

What is NAD+? A Cellular Powerhouse Explained

NAD+ (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide) is a critical coenzyme found in every single cell in your body. Think of it as an essential helper molecule that enables other enzymes to perform their jobs. Its primary roles are fundamental to life itself:

  1. Energy Production: NAD+ is a key player in mitochondrial function. Mitochondria are the “powerhouses” of your cells, converting the food you eat into usable energy (ATP). NAD+ acts as an electron shuttle, facilitating the chemical reactions that produce this energy. Without sufficient NAD+, your mitochondria cannot function optimally, leading to fatigue and slower metabolism.
  2. DNA Repair and Genomic Stability: Our DNA is constantly under attack from environmental stressors like UV radiation, pollution, and normal metabolic byproducts. Enzymes called sirtuins and PARPs act as cellular repair crews, fixing damaged DNA. Both sirtuins and PARPs are entirely dependent on NAD+ to function. Low NAD+ levels mean impaired DNA repair, which accelerates aging and increases disease risk.
  3. Regulating Circadian Rhythms: Your body’s internal clock, which governs sleep-wake cycles, is closely tied to cellular NAD+ rhythms. Proper NAD+ levels help maintain a healthy circadian rhythm, which in turn supports metabolic health and cognitive function.
nad+

The NAD+ Decline: Why We Care About Supplementation

Here is the central problem: NAD+ levels naturally and significantly decline with age. By middle age, you may have only half the NAD+ you had in your youth. This decline is driven by increased consumption (as DNA damage accumulates with age, it uses up more NAD+ for repairs) and decreased production.

This age-related drop in NAD+ is strongly correlated with many hallmarks of aging and chronic diseases:

  • Fatigue and reduced endurance
  • Weight gain and slowed metabolism
  • Cognitive decline and neurodegenerative diseases
  • Loss of muscle strength and mass (sarcopenia)
  • Weakened immune function
  • Cardiovascular issues

The logical conclusion is that by restoring NAD+ levels, we may be able to counteract these age-related declines and promote healthier aging. This is where supplementation comes in.

How to Use NAD+: Precursors, Sublinguals, and IVs

You cannot effectively take NAD+ directly in a pill because the molecule is too large to be efficiently absorbed through the gut. Instead, we use precursors—smaller molecules that the body converts into NAD+—or methods that bypass the digestive system.

1. NAD+ Precursors (Oral Supplements) – The Most Common Method
These are supplements you take by mouth. The body converts them into NAD+ through a series of biological steps.

  • NMN (Nicotinamide Mononucleotide): A direct precursor to NAD+. It has gained immense popularity due to strong animal studies showing its efficacy in boosting NAD+ levels and improving various health markers. It is widely available in powder and capsule form.
    • Typical Dosage: 250 mg to 500 mg once or twice daily.
    • How to Take: Often recommended to be taken sublingually (under the tongue) for potential better absorption, or with food. Many take it in the morning to support energy levels.
  • NR (Nicotinamide Riboside): Another highly effective precursor, patented as Niagen®. It’s a form of Vitamin B3 that converts to NMN and then to NAD+. It has numerous human clinical trials supporting its safety and ability to raise NAD+ levels.
    • Typical Dosage: 250 mg to 300 mg once or twice daily.
    • How to Take: With or without food, typically in the morning.
  • Nicotinamide (Nam): A classic form of Vitamin B3. While it can boost NAD+, it also inhibits sirtuins (the longevity enzymes) at higher doses, which is counterproductive for the goals of most people seeking NAD+ therapy.
nad+

2. Sublingual (Under the Tongue) NAD+
Some companies offer NAD+ in a sublingual lozenge or spray. The theory is that absorption through the mucous membranes in the mouth bypasses the digestive system and liver metabolism, leading to more direct availability. While promising, the research on the efficacy of this delivery method compared to precursors is less established.

3. Intravenous (IV) NAD+ Therapy
This is the most direct and potent method. NAD+ is infused directly into the bloodstream, achieving 100% bioavailability and an immediate spike in cellular levels.

  • Benefits: Used for rapid treatment of addiction, severe chronic fatigue, and acute neurodegenerative conditions. It’s also popular for a “biohacking” boost.
  • Drawbacks: It is very expensive ($500 – $1000 per session), time-consuming (2-4 hour infusion), and must be administered by a medical professional in a clinic setting. It is not a practical long-term solution for most people.

4. Topical NAD+
Found in some high-end skincare serums and creams, the goal is to support cellular energy and repair directly in the skin cells to combat signs of aging. Evidence for its efficacy topically is still emerging.

More information in our Health blog

Where to Buy NAD+ Supplements in the USA: A Buyer’s Guide

The supplement market is largely unregulated, making quality and purity paramount. Here’s what to look for and where to find it.

What to Look For:

  • Third-Party Testing: Always choose brands that are transparent about third-party testing for purity, potency, and contaminants (look for certifications from NSF, USP, or ConsumerLab.com).
  • Patented Ingredients: For NR, look for Niagen® (licensed by ChromaDex). For NMN, look for Uthever® (a highly reputable and tested manufacturer).
  • Transparency: Reputable companies will clearly list the form and amount of the active ingredient on the label.

Trusted Retailers and Brands:

Online (Direct from Manufacturer or Major Retailers):

  • Elysium Health: A science-first company co-founded by a Nobel Laureate. Their flagship product, Basis, uses Niagen® (NR) and pterostilbene. A very trusted source.
  • Tru Niagen: The consumer brand from ChromaDex, the patent holder for Niagen® (NR). They offer pure NR supplements in various strengths and are a gold standard for NR.
  • ProHealth Longevity / Jarrow Formulas / Life Extension / Thorne: These are all highly reputable supplement brands known for their rigorous quality control. They offer both NMN and NR products.
  • Renue by Science: A brand focused exclusively on NAD+ and longevity. They offer a wide array of products including NMN, NR, and innovative delivery systems like sublingual powders and liposomal gels.
  • Amazon: While convenient, be extremely cautious. Only purchase from the official storefront of the trusted brands listed above on Amazon. The platform has issues with counterfeit and adulterated supplements.

Brick-and-Mortar Stores:

  • The Vitamin Shoppe / GNC: These national chains carry several trusted brands like Jarrow Formulas and their own house brands that often feature Niagen®. Always check the label for the patented ingredient.
  • Whole Foods Market / Natural Grocers: These stores have curated supplement sections with a focus on quality. You can find brands like MegaFood and Garden of Life, which may carry NAD+ precursors, though their selection might be more limited than specialty retailers.
shop now gym shop supplements USA

Important Considerations and Safety

  • Side Effects: NAD+ precursors are generally considered very safe. High doses of NR or NMN can occasionally cause mild nausea, fatigue, or digestive discomfort. Starting with a lower dose and taking it with food can mitigate this.
  • Drug Interactions: While no major interactions are well-documented, if you are on medication (especially for diabetes or blood pressure), it is crucial to consult your doctor before starting any new supplement regimen.
  • Cost: High-quality NAD+ supplements are an investment, often ranging from $50 to $100+ per month.
  • The Future: NAD+ research is exploding. The first large-scale human trials on longevity outcomes are ongoing. While the preliminary science is compelling, always maintain a healthy skepticism and focus on lifestyle fundamentals first: a whole-foods diet, regular exercise, quality sleep, and stress management. NAD+ supplementation is a powerful tool to augment a healthy lifestyle, not replace it.

Disclaimer: This article is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. Always consult with a qualified healthcare professional before making any decisions about your health or supplementation regimen.

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